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Tlhahlobo ea moralo oa rectenna (Karolo ea 1)

1.Selelekela
Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (RFEH) le radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) li khahlile thahasello e kholo e le mekhoa ea ho fihlela marang-rang a sa feleng a se nang betri. Li-rectennas ke lejoe la sekhutlo la litsamaiso tsa WPT le RFEH 'me li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho matla a DC a fanoang mojaro. Likarolo tsa antenna tsa rectenna li ama ka kotloloho ts'ebetso ea kotulo, e ka fetolang matla a kotuloang ka liodara tse 'maloa tsa boholo. Pampiri ena e lekola meralo ea manakana e sebelisitsoeng ho WPT le lits'ebetso tsa RFEH tse haufi. Li-rectenna tse tlalehiloeng li arotsoe ho latela mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha: bandwidth ea antenna e lokisang impedance le litšobotsi tsa mahlaseli a antenna. Bakeng sa ntlha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, palo ea merit (FoM) bakeng sa likopo tse fapaneng e khethoa le ho hlahlojoa ka ho bapisoa.

WPT e hlahisitsoe ke Tesla mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e le mokhoa oa ho fetisa lipere tse likete. Lentsoe rectenna, le hlalosang lenakana le hoketsoeng ho se lokisang ho kotula matla a RF, le hlahile lilemong tsa bo-1950 bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa phetisetso ea matla a microwave le ho matlafatsa li-drones tse ikemetseng. Omnidirectional, WPT ea nako e telele e thibetsoe ke thepa ea 'mele ea mokhoa oa ho phatlalatsa (moea). Ka hona, WPT ea khoebo e lekanyelitsoe haholo ho phetisetso ea motlakase e haufi-ufi e seng ea mahlaseli bakeng sa ho tjhaja lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki kapa RFID.
Ha ts'ebeliso ea matla ea lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor le li-sensor node tse se nang mohala li ntse li fokotseha, ho ba bonolo haholoanyane ho sebelisa li-sensor tsa matla ho sebelisa RFEH kapa ho sebelisa li-transmitter tsa matla a tlase a omnidirectional. Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase haholo hangata li na le ntlha e ka pele ea ho fumana RF, matla a DC le taolo ea memori, le microprocessor ea matla a tlase le transceiver.

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Setšoantšo sa 1 se bonts'a meralo ea node e se nang mohala ea RFEH le lits'ebetso tse tlalehiloeng hangata tsa RF. Bokhoni ba ho qetela ba sistimi ea motlakase e se nang mohala le boqapi ba tlhaiso-leseling e hokahaneng ea mohala le marang-rang a phetisetso ea motlakase li ipapisitse le ts'ebetso ea likarolo tse ikhethileng, joalo ka li-antenna, li-rectifiers, le li-circuits tsa taolo ea matla. Ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse 'maloa tsa lingoliloeng bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa sistimi. Letlapa la 1 le akaretsa mohato oa ho fetola matla, likarolo tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa phetolo ea matla e sebetsang hantle, le lipatlisiso tse amanang le lingoliloeng bakeng sa karolo ka 'ngoe. Lingoliloeng tsa morao-rao li shebane le theknoloji ea ho fetola matla, li-topology tsa rectifier, kapa RFEH e tsebang marang-rang.

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Setšoantšo sa 1

Leha ho le joalo, moralo oa antenna ha o nkoe e le karolo ea bohlokoa ho RFEH. Leha lingoliloeng tse ling li nka bandwidth ea antenna le ts'ebetso ho tsoa ponong e akaretsang kapa ho tsoa ponong e itseng ea moralo oa antenna, joalo ka li-antenna tse nyane kapa tse ka roaloang, phello ea li-parameter tse itseng tsa antenna mabapi le ho amohela matla le katleho ea phetoho ha e hlahlojoe ka botlalo.
Pampiri ena e hlahloba mekhoa ea moralo oa li-antenna ka har'a li-rectenna ka sepheo sa ho khetholla liphephetso tsa moralo oa antenna oa RFEH le WPT ho tsoa ho moralo o tloaelehileng oa manakana. Li-antenna li bapisoa ho tloha mahlakoreng a mabeli: ho bapisa ho qetela ho isa qetellong le litšobotsi tsa mahlaseli; ketsahalong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, FoM e tsejoa le ho hlahlojoa li-antenna tsa boemo bo botle (SoA).

2. Bandwidth le Matching: Non-50Ω RF Networks
Sebopeho sa impedance ea 50Ω ke monahano oa pele oa ho sekisetsa pakeng tsa ho fokotsa matla le matla lits'ebetsong tsa boenjiniere ba microwave. Li-antenna, bandwidth ea impedance e hlalosoa e le sebaka sa maqhubu moo matla a bonahatsoang a leng ka tlase ho 10% (S11 <- 10 dB). Kaha li-amplifiers tse tlase tsa lerata (LNAs), liamplifi tsa motlakase, le li-detectors hangata li entsoe ka 50Ω input impedance match, mohloli oa 50Ω ka tloaelo o boleloa.

Ho rectenna, tlhahiso ea antenna e kenngoa ka ho toba ho rectifier, 'me ho se lekane ha diode ho baka phapang e kholo ho impedance ea ho kenya letsoho,' me karolo ea capacitive e laola. Ho nka antenna ea 50Ω, phephetso e kholo ke ho rala marang-rang a mang a tšoanang a RF ho fetola tšitiso ea ho kenya letsoho hore e be sekoaelo sa mohanyetsi ka makhetlo a thahasello le ho e ntlafatsa bakeng sa boemo bo itseng ba matla. Tabeng ena, ho hlokahala bandwidth ea ho qetela ho isa pheletsong ho netefatsa phetoho e nepahetseng ea RF ho DC. Ka hona, le hoja li-antenna li ka finyella bandwidth e sa feleng kapa e pharaletseng ka ho sebelisa likarolo tsa nako le nako kapa li-geometry tse ikemetseng, bandwidth ea rectenna e tla ts'oaroa ke marang-rang a rectifier.

Li-rectenna topology tse 'maloa li hlahisitsoe ho fihlela kotulo ea sehlopha se le seng le lihlopha tse ngata kapa WPT ka ho fokotsa ho bonahatsa le ho matlafatsa phetisetso ea matla pakeng tsa lenaka le se lokisa. Setšoantšo sa 2 se bonts'a meaho ea li-topology tsa rectenna tse tlalehiloeng, tse arotsoeng ka meaho ea tsona e ts'oanang e ts'oanang. Letlapa la 2 le bonts'a mehlala ea li-rectenna tse sebetsang hantle mabapi le li-bandwidth tsa ho qetela (tabeng ena, FoM) bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng.

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Setšoantšo sa 2 Li-topology tsa Rectenna ho latela pono ea bandwidth le matching a impedance. (a) Rectenna ea sehlopha se le seng e nang le lenakana le tloaelehileng. (b) Multiband rectenna (e entsoeng ka li-antenna tse ngata tse hokahaneng) e nang le sekoli se le seng le marang-rang a bapisang sehlopha ka seng. (c) Broadband rectenna e nang le likou tse ngata tsa RF le marang-rang a fapaneng a tšoanang bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng. (d) Rectenna ea Broadband e nang le antenna ea Broadband le marang-rang a tšoanang. (e) Rectenna e nang le sehlopha se le seng se sebelisang lenakana le lenyenyane la motlakase le tsamaellanang ka kotloloho le setokisi. (f) Lenaka le le leng, lenakana le leholo la motlakase le nang le tšitiso e thata ho hokahana le moloki. (g) Rectenna ea Broadband e nang le impedance e rarahaneng ho kopana le rectifier ho feta mefuta e mengata ea maqhubu.

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Le hoja WPT le RFEH e tsoang ho fepa e inehetseng e le mekhoa e fapaneng ea li-rectenna, ho finyella ho bapisa ho tloha ho ea ho qetela pakeng tsa antenna, rectifier le mojaro ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho finyella katleho e phahameng ea ho fetola matla (PCE) ho latela pono ea bandwidth. Leha ho le joalo, li-rectennas tsa WPT li tsepamisa maikutlo haholo ho finyella boleng bo phahameng ba boleng ba boleng (S11 e tlaase) ho ntlafatsa PCE ea sehlopha se le seng maemong a itseng a matla (topology a, e le f). Bandwidth e pharalletseng ea sehlopha se le seng sa WPT e ntlafatsa ts'ireletso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso, bokooa ba ho etsa le ho kenya likokoana-hloko. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-rectennas tsa RFEH li etelletsa pele tšebetso ea lihlopha tse ngata 'me ke tsa topology bd le g, kaha matla a spectral density (PSD) ea sehlopha se le seng hangata a tlase.

3. Moqapi oa li-antenna tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli
1. Rectenna e nang le maqhubu a le mong
Moralo oa antenna oa single-frequency rectenna (topology A) o ipapisitse le moralo o tloaelehileng oa antenna, joalo ka linear polarization (LP) kapa circular polarization (CP) radiating patch sefofaneng se fatše, dipole antenna le inverted F antenna. Differential band rectenna e ipapisitse le motsoako oa DC o hlophisitsoeng ka li-antenna tse ngata kapa motsoako o kopaneng oa DC le RF oa li-patch unit tse ngata.
Kaha li-antenna tse ngata tse reriloeng ke li-antenna tse nang le maqhubu a le mong 'me li finyella litlhoko tsa WPT ea maqhubu a le mong, ha ho batla RFEH ea mefuta e mengata ea tikoloho, li-antenna tse ngata li kopantsoe ho ba li-rectenna tse nang le lihlopha tse ngata (topology B) ka khatello ea ho kopanya le ho kopanya. Motsoako o ikemetseng oa DC kamora potoloho ea taolo ea matla ho ba arola ka botlalo ho potoloho ea RF ea ho fumana le ho fetolela. Sena se hloka lipotoloho tse ngata tsa taolo ea matla bakeng sa sehlopha se seng le se seng, se ka fokotsang bokhoni ba sesebelisoa sa boost hobane matla a DC a sehlopha se le seng a le tlase.
2. Li-antenna tsa mefuta e mengata le li-broadband RFEH
RFEH ea tikoloho hangata e amahanngoa le ho fumana lihlopha tse ngata; ka hona, ho hlahisitsoe mekhoa e fapaneng bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa marang-rang a meralo e tloaelehileng ea li-antenna le mekhoa ea ho theha lihlopha tsa li-antenna tse peli kapa tsa sehlopha. Karolong ena, re hlahloba meralo ea li-antenna tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa li-RFEH, hammoho le li-antenna tsa khale tse nang le monyetla oa ho sebelisoa e le li-rectenna.
Coplanar waveguide (CPW) monopole antennas li lula sebakeng se fokolang ho feta microstrip patch antennas ka maqhubu a tšoanang 'me li hlahisa maqhubu a LP kapa CP,' me hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa li-rectenna tsa tikoloho tse sephara. Lifofane tsa ho bonahatsa li sebelisoa ho eketsa ho itšehla thajana le ho ntlafatsa phaello, e leng se bakang mekhoa ea mahlaseli e tšoanang le ea li-antenna. Li-antenna tsa coplanar waveguide li sebelisetsoa ho ntlafatsa li-bandwidth tsa maqhubu a mangata, joalo ka 1.8-2.7 GHz kapa 1-3 GHz. Li-antenna tse feptjoang ka kopanelo le li-antenna tsa patch le tsona li sebelisoa hangata ho meralo ea li-multi-band rectenna. Setšoantšo sa 3 se bonts'a li-antenna tse ling tse tlalehiloeng tse nang le lihlopha tse ngata tse sebelisang mekhoa e fetang e le 'ngoe ea ntlafatso ea li-bandwidth.

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Setšoantšo sa 3

Antenna-Rectifier Impedance Matching
Ho bapisa antenna ea 50Ω le rectifier e se nang moeli ho thata hobane ho sitisa ho kenya letsoho ho fapana haholo ho latela khafetsa. Ho li-topology A le B (Setšoantšo sa 2), marang-rang a tloaelehileng a tšoanang ke papali ea LC e sebelisang likarolo tse lumped; leha ho le joalo, bandwidth e amanang hangata e tlase ho feta lihlopha tse ngata tsa puisano. Ho bapisa ha li-stub tsa sehlopha se le seng hangata ho sebelisoa lihlopheng tsa microwave le millimeter-wave ka tlase ho 6 GHz, 'me li-millimeter-wave rectennas tse tlalehiloeng li na le bandwidth e tšesaane ka tlhaho hobane bandwidth ea PCE ea bona e hatelloa ke khatello ea maikutlo, e ba etsang hore ba tšoanelehe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa motho a le mong. band lits'ebetso tsa WPT sehlopheng sa 24 GHz se se nang laesense.
Li-rectennas ho topology C le D li na le marang-rang a tšoanang a rarahaneng. Ho entsoe tlhahiso ea marang-rang a marang-rang a ajoang ka botlalo bakeng sa ho bapisa Broadband, ka RF block/DC short circuit (pass filter) boema-kepeng ba tlhahiso kapa DC blocking capacitor e le tsela ea ho khutla bakeng sa li-harmonics tsa diode. Likarolo tsa rectifier li ka nkeloa sebaka ke li-capacitor tse hatisitsoeng tsa potoloho (PCB), tse kopantsoeng ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa khoebo tsa elektroniki. Marang-rang a mang a tlalehiloeng a Broadband rectenna a kopanya likarolo tse hokahaneng bakeng sa ho bapisa maqhubu a tlase le likarolo tse ajoang bakeng sa ho theha RF e khuts'oane ho kenyelletsong.
Ho feto-fetoha ha ts'ebetso ea ho kenya letsoho e hlokometsoeng ke mojaro ka mohloli (o tsejoang e le mokhoa oa ho hula mohloli) ho sebelisitsoe ho rala mochine o motlakase o nang le 57% bandwidth e amanang le 1.25-2.25 GHz (1.25-2.25 GHz) le 10% e phahameng ea PCE ha e bapisoa le li-circuits tse pharalletseng kapa tse ajoang. . Leha marang-rang a ts'oanang a etselitsoe ho ts'oana le li-antenna holim'a bandwidth eohle ea 50Ω, ho na le litlaleho libukeng moo li-antenna tsa Broadband li hoketsoeng ho li-narrowband rectifiers.
Li-network tsa Hybrid lumped-element le tse ajoang li sebelisitsoe haholo ho li-topology C le D, 'me li-inductors le li-capacitor ke tsona tse sebelisoang haholo. Tsena li qoba libopeho tse rarahaneng tse kang li-capacitor tse nang le li-interdigitated, tse hlokang mohlala o nepahetseng le ho etsoa ho feta mela e tloaelehileng ea microstrip.
Matla a ho kenya letsoho ho rectifier a ama impedance ea ho kenya letsoho ka lebaka la ho se lumellane ha diode. Ka hona, rectenna e etselitsoe ho eketsa PCE bakeng sa boemo bo itseng ba matla a ho kenya le ho thibela boima. Kaha diode haholo-holo ke capacitive high impedance maqhubu a ka tlase ho 3 GHz, li-broadband rectennas tse felisang marang-rang a tšoanang kapa tse fokotsang li-circuits tse bapisang li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho maqhubu a Prf> 0 dBm le ka holimo ho 1 GHz, kaha diode li na le "capacitive impedance" e tlaase 'me e ka bapisoa hantle. ho antenna, kahoo ho qoba moralo oa li-antenna ka ho kenya letsoho karabelo >1,000Ω.
Ho lumellana ho feto-fetohang kapa ho lokisoang bocha ho bonoa ho li-rectenna tsa CMOS, moo marang-rang a ts'oanang a nang le libanka tsa on-chip capacitor le li-inductors. Marang-rang a tšoanang a CMOS le ona a hlahisitsoe bakeng sa li-antenna tse tloaelehileng tsa 50Ω hammoho le li-antenna tse entsoeng ka kopanelo. Ho tlalehiloe hore lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa CMOS tse sa sebetseng li sebelisoa ho laola li-switches tse lebisang tlhahiso ea antenna ho li-rectifiers tse fapaneng le marang-rang a tšoanang ho itšetlehile ka matla a teng. Ho entsoe tlhahiso ea marang-rang a ts'oanang a ts'oanang a sebelisang li-capacitor tse kolobisitsoeng, tse lokisoang ka tokiso e ntle ha ho ntse ho lekanya ho sitisoe ke letho ho sebelisoa vector network analyzer. Ho li-network tse tsamaellanang tsa microstrip, li-switches tsa transistor tsa masimong li sebelisitsoe ho lokisa li-stubs ho fihlela likarolo tsa lihlopha tse peli.

Ho ithuta haholoanyane ka li-antenna, ka kopo etela:


Nako ea poso: Aug-09-2024

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