Tlhahlobo ea Antena: Tlhahlobo ea Fractal Metasurfaces le Moralo oa Antena

Khopolo ea li-fractal e hlahisitsoe ke setsebi sa lipalo Benoit B. Mandelbrot lilemong tsa bo-1970, leha tšimoloho ea geometry ea fractal e ka lateloa morao mosebetsing oa pejana oa litsebi tse ngata tsa lipalo, tse kang Cantor (1870), von Koch (1904), Sierpinski (1915), Julia (1918), Fatou (1926), le Richardson (1953).
Benoit B. Mandelbrot o ithutile kamano pakeng tsa di-fractal le tlhaho ka ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha ya di-fractal ho etsisa meaho e rarahaneng haholoanyane, jwalo ka difate, dithaba le mabopo a lewatle. O qapile lentswe "fractal" ho tswa ho lehlaodi la Selatine "fractus", le bolelang "robehileng" kapa "robehileng", ke hore, le entsweng ka dikotwana tse robehileng kapa tse sa tlwaelehang, ho hlalosa dibopeho tse sa tlwaelehang le tse arohaneng tsa jeometri tse ke keng tsa arolwa ka jeometri ya setso ya Euclidean. Ho phaella moo, o ntsheditse pele mehlala ya dipalo le di-algorithms bakeng sa ho hlahisa le ho ithuta di-fractal, tse ileng tsa lebisa ho thehweng ha sete e tummeng ya Mandelbrot, eo mohlomong e leng sebopeho sa fractal se tummeng ka ho fetisisa le se kgahlehang ka pono se nang le dipaterone tse rarahaneng le tse pheta-phetoang ka ho sa feleng (sheba Setshwantsho sa 1d).
Mosebetsi oa Mandelbrot ha oa ba le tšusumetso feela lipalo, empa hape o na le lits'ebetso mafapheng a fapaneng a kang fisiks, litšoantšo tsa khomphutha, baeloji, moruo le bonono. Ha e le hantle, ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho etsa mohlala le ho emela meaho e rarahaneng le e tšoanang, li-fractal li na le lits'ebetso tse ngata tse ncha mafapheng a fapaneng. Mohlala, li sebelisitsoe haholo libakeng tse latelang tsa ts'ebeliso, e leng mehlala e 'maloa feela ea ts'ebeliso ea tsona e pharaletseng:
1. Litšoantšo tsa khomphutha le litšoantšo tsa animation, tse hlahisang libaka tsa tlhaho tse bonahalang le tse khahlang mahlo, lifate, maru le mekhoa;
2. Theknoloji ea ho hatella data ho fokotsa boholo ba lifaele tsa dijithale;
3. Ho sebetsana le ditshwantsho le matshwao, ho ntsha dikarolo ditshwantshong, ho lemoha dipaterone, le ho fana ka mekgwa e sebetsang ya ho hatella le ho aha ditshwantsho botjha;
4. Thuto ea baeloji, e hlalosang kholo ea limela le tlhophiso ea li-neurone bokong;
5. Khopolo-taba ea li-antenna le li-metaterial, ho rala li-antenna tse nyane/tse nang le lihlopha tse ngata le li-metasurface tse ncha.
Hajoale, jiometri ea fractal e ntse e tsoela pele ho fumana lits'ebeliso tse ncha le tse ncha lithutong tse fapaneng tsa saense, bonono le theknoloji.
Theknolojing ea electromagnetic (EM), libopeho tsa fractal li na le thuso haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang miniaturization, ho tloha ho li-antenna ho ea ho metamaterials le libaka tse khethollang maqhubu (FSS). Ho sebelisa geometry ea fractal ho li-antenna tse tloaelehileng ho ka eketsa bolelele ba tsona ba motlakase, ka hona ho fokotsa boholo ba sebopeho sa resonant. Ho phaella moo, tlhaho e tšoanang ea libopeho tsa fractal e li etsa hore li be ntle bakeng sa ho phethahatsa meaho ea resonant ea li-band tse ngata kapa ea broadband. Bokhoni ba tlhaho ba miniaturization ba li-fractal bo hohela haholo bakeng sa ho rala li-reflectarrays, li-antenna tsa phased array, li-metamaterial absorbers le metasurfaces bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Ha e le hantle, ho sebelisa likarolo tse nyane haholo tsa array ho ka tlisa melemo e 'maloa, joalo ka ho fokotsa ho kopana kapa ho khona ho sebetsa le li-array tse nang le sebaka se senyenyane haholo sa likarolo, ka hona ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho skena le maemo a holimo a botsitso ba angular.
Ka mabaka a boletsoeng ka holimo, li-antenna tsa fractal le metasurfaces li emela libaka tse peli tse khahlang tsa lipatlisiso lefapheng la li-electromagnetic tse hohetseng tlhokomelo e kholo lilemong tsa morao tjena. Likhopolo tsena ka bobeli li fana ka litsela tse ikhethang tsa ho laola le ho laola maqhubu a motlakase, ka mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso puisanong ea waelese, litsamaisong tsa radar le ho utloa. Thepa ea tsona e tšoanang e li lumella ho ba nyane ka boholo ha li ntse li boloka karabelo e ntle ea motlakase. Ho ba bonolo hona ho molemo haholo lits'ebetsong tse nang le sebaka se fokolang, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa mohala, li-tag tsa RFID, le litsamaiso tsa lifofane.
Tšebeliso ea li-antenna tsa fractal le metasurfaces e na le bokhoni ba ho ntlafatsa haholo puisano e se nang mohala, litšoantšo le litsamaiso tsa radar, kaha li nolofalletsa lisebelisoa tse nyane, tse sebetsang hantle tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng. Ho phaella moo, geometry ea fractal e ntse e sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng moralong oa li-sensor tsa microwave bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea thepa, ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho sebetsa ka lihlopha tse ngata tsa maqhubu le bokhoni ba eona ba ho fokotsoa. ​​Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele libakeng tsena li ntse li tsoela pele ho hlahloba meralo e mecha, thepa le mekhoa ea tlhahiso ho fihlela bokhoni ba tsona bo felletseng.
Pampiri ena e ikemiseditse ho hlahloba kgatelopele ya dipatlisiso le tshebediso ya di-antenna tsa fractal le di-metasurface le ho bapisa di-antenna le di-metasurface tse teng tse thehilweng ho fractal, ho totobatsa melemo le mefokolo ya tsona. Qetellong, ho hlahiswa tlhahlobo e felletseng ya di-reflectarray tse ntjha le diyuniti tsa metamaterial, mme ho buisanoa ka diphephetso le ntshetsopele ya nakong e tlang ya dibopeho tsena tsa motlakase.