Letoto le atlehileng la aantenna ea microwavee ipapisitse le sehlopha sa eona sa khafetsa, phaello, le boemo ba ts'ebeliso. Ka tlase ke karohano ea tekheniki bakeng sa mefuta e tloaelehileng ea li-antenna:
1. Frequency Band & Range Correlation
- E-band Antenna (60–90 GHz):
Lihokelo tse khutšoane, tse nang le bokhoni bo phahameng (1-3 km) bakeng sa backhaul ea 5G le li-comms tsa sesole. Attenuation ea atmosfere e fihla ho 10 dB/km ka lebaka la ho monya oksijene. - Ka-band Antenna (26.5–40 GHz):
Li-Satellite comms li fihlella 10-50 km (fatše-ho-LEO) ka phaello ea 40+ dBi. Ho fela ha pula ho ka fokotsa sebaka ka 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzLenaka la Antenna:
Tšireletso e bohareng (5-20 km) bakeng sa radar le IoT, ho leka-lekanya ho kenella le sekhahla sa data.
2. Mofuta oa Antenna & Ts'ebetso
| Antenna | Phaello e Tloaelehileng | Max Range | Sebelisa Taba |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antenna ea Biconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (tlhahlobo ea EMC) | Litlhahlobo tsa nako e khuts'oane |
| Tloaelehileng Gain Horn | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Tekanyo/ tekanyo |
| Microstrip Array | 15–25 dBi | 5-50 km | Liteishene tsa motheo tsa 5G/Satcom |
3. Range Calculation Basics
The Friis transmission equation equation range (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Moo:
P_t = Matla a ho fetisa (mohlala, radar ea 10W)
G_t, G_r = meputso ya manakana a Tx/Rx (mohlala, lenaka la 20 dBi)
P_r = Kutloisiso ea moamoheli (mohlala, -90 dBm)
Keletso e sebetsang: Bakeng sa likhokahano tsa sathelaete tsa Ka-band, kopanya lenaka la phaello e phahameng (30+ dBi) le liamplifiers tse lerata le tlase (NF <1 dB).
4. Meeli ea Tikoloho
Phokotso ea Pula: Mats'oao a Ka-band a lahleheloa ke 3–10 dB/km puleng ea litloebelele.
Beam Spread: 25 dBi microstrip array ho 30 GHz e na le beamidth ea 2.3 ° - e loketseng lihokelo tse nepahetseng tsa ntlha-to-point.
Qetello: Mekhahlelo ea li-antenna tsa microwave e fapana ho tloha ho <1 km (liteko tsa biconical EMC) ho ea ho 50+ km (Ka-band satcom). Ntlafatsa ka ho khetha li-antenna tsa E-/Ka-band bakeng sa ho feta kapa manaka a 2–4 GHz bakeng sa ho tšepahala.
Ho ithuta haholoanyane ka li-antenna, ka kopo etela:
Nako ea poso: Aug-08-2025
